Click on one of the headings below to find a link

• Yorkshire CND is an active member of the Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space and the Missile Defence Working Group
• Pages on Militarisation and weaponisation of Space - click here
• Star Wars - Missile defence - click here
• The Nuclearisation of Space including the Cassini Mission - click here
• Menwith Hill US spy base in Yorkshire - click here
• Fylingdales radar station in Yorkshire - click here

Menwith Hill

Campaigning

• Yorkshire Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament - www.yorkshirecnd.org.uk
• Yorkshire CND Menwith Hill site - http://www.cndyorks.gn.apc.org/mhs
• Campaign for the Accountability of American Bases - www.caab.org.uk.
• Women's Peace Camp(aign) - www.cndyorks.gn.apc.org/mhs/wpcmhs.htm.
• Protestors' view of the base, items on police, cameras, fences etc. www.menwithhill.ukf.net.
• Global Internet Liberty Campaign - GILC - www.gilc.org/.
• Cyber-Rights & Cyber-Liberties (UK) Campaign - www.cyber-rights.org.

About the NSA & Echelon

• The National Security Agency Web site - www.nsa.gov:8080.
• What the Intelligence Reform Project of the Federation of American Scientists has to say about the NSA - www.fas.org/irp/nsa/index.html
• "The Puzzle Palace" the original expose by James Bamford: Chapters 8-10, jya.com/pp08.htm, http://jya.com/pp09.htm; jya.com/pp10.htm.
• International campaign against Echelon Global System: EchelonWatch - www.aclu.org/echelonwatch/.
• UKUSA cooperation - Intelligence Online report - www.blythe.org/Intelligence/readme/brits-usa.int45.
• "Making history" - the original source for the 1988 first Echelon report. Statement by Duncan Campbell - http://cryptome.org/echelon-mndc.htm.
• "Somebody's listening" by Duncan Campbell, New Statesman article of 12th August 1988 - www.gn.apc.org/duncan/echelon-dc.htm.
• "Exposing the Global Surveillance System" by Nicky Hager in Covert Action Quarterly - the discovery of the ECHELON DICTIONARY, used at Menwith - htp://caq.com/CAQ/CAQ59GlobalSnoop.html
• "Secret Power" by Nicky Hager - www.fas.org/irp/eprint/sp/sp_c2.htm.
• "Echelon was my baby" - Interview with Margaret Newsham who helped to design ECHELON system - www.gn.apc.org/cndyorks/yspace/articles/echelon1.htm.

Espionage/secrecy

• Report on International Status of Privacy: "Privacy and Human Rights 1999". Electronic Privacy Information Center, Washington, DC, USA. Privacy International London, UK - www.privacyinternational.org/survey/.
• "Cryptography and Liberty 1999: An international Survey of Encryption Policy". Electronic Privacy Information Center Washington, DC - http://www2.epic.org/reports/crypto1999.html#_Toc450793110.
• "They spy on ordinary people" - interview with Duncan Campbell on 21st December 1999 - www.gn.apc.org/cndyorks/yspace/articles/echelon3.htm.
• "Desperately seeking signals" by Jeffrey Richelson, from The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists - April 2000. - www.bullatomsci.org/issues/2000/ma00/ma00richelson.html.
• "US Steps Up Commercial Spying - Washington gives companies an advantage in information" by Robert Windrem, investigative producer for NBC News 7th May 2000 - http://msnbc.com/news/403435.asp?cp1=1.
• "The new Cold War: How America spies on us for its oldest friend - the Dollar" by Duncan Campbell and Paul Lashmar, from The Independent on Sunday 2nd July 2000, Exclusive: Documents shed light on US policy of covert surveillance of British and European industry - www.gn.apc.org/cndyorks/yspace/articles/echelon12.htm.
• Foundation for Information Policy Research, FIPR, www.fipr.org.

"Son of Star Wars" Role

• "From Data Tapping to Missile Tracking Star Wars Strikes Back" by Duncan Campbell, Dec 2 1998 article from "The Guardian" - www.gn.apc.org/cndyorks/yspace/articles/swars.htm.
• Constructing SBIRS at Menwith in pictures - from CAAB web-site - www.gn.apc.org/cndyorks/caab/sbirs.htm.
• "US builds 'son of star wars' at RAF base" by Jonathan Carr-Brown, The Independent on Sunday - 21st November 1999 - www.gn.apc.org/cndyorks/yspace/articles/writ3.htm.
• Space Based Infra Red System home page - http://www.losangeles.af.mil/SMC/MT/sbirs.htm.
• Federation of American Scientists pages on SBIRS - www.fas.org/spp/military/program/warning/sbir.htm.

UK & European Parliaments

• "Menwith Hill in Parliament" - compiled by the Federation of American Scientists - www.fas.org/irp/facility/menwith/index.html.
• The Last Speech to the House of Commons by Bob Cryer M.P. - an excellent background to the base - www.gn.apc.org/cndyorks/mhs/bobcryer.htm.
• Regulation of Investigatory Powers Bill - Text of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Bill passed by the Commons and introduced to theLords on 9th May 2000 - www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199900/ldbills/061/2000061.htm.
• Global Internet Liberty Campaign Member Statement on "Human Rights and the Internet" - Prepared for a one day briefing session for Members of the European Parliament, 27th January 1998, in Brussels - www.ozemail.com.au/~mbaker/europ-hr.html.
• A follow up report - "Interception Capabilities 2000 - The state of the art in Communications Intelligence (COMINT)" by Duncan Campbell - www.gn.apc.org/cndyorks/mhs/ic2000/ic2000.htm.
• Echelon: Development of surveillance technology and risk of abuse of economic information - STOA reports - PDF Files - October 1999 - European Parliament [ENG/ING] - www.europarl.eu.int/dg4/stoa/en/publi/default.htm.
• Information on the EU Temporary Committee on Echelon from Cyber-Rights & Cyber-Liberties (UK) - www.cyber-rights.org/interception/echelon/.
• Report for European Parliament: "Interception Capabilities - Impact and Exploitation 2001" (780 kB PDF file): http://www.fas.org/irp/program/process/prechelon_en.pdf.
• "ECHELON and its role in COMINT" by Duncan Campbell: http://www.heise.de/tp/deutsch/special/ech/7747/1.html.
• "COMINT impact on international trade" by Duncan Campbell: http://www.heise.de/tp/deutsch/special/ech/7752/1.html.
• "COMINT, privacy and human rights" by Duncan Campbell: http://www.heise.de/tp/deutsch/special/ech/7748/1.html.

By-Laws Judgments

• Woolf-Pill Judgment '92 - Greaves & Bugg and Percy & Bugg successfully challenge byelaws at Alconbury, Forest Moor and Menwith Hill, 1992.
• Crabtree Judgment '93 - Lindis Percy vs Secretary of State for Defence, 1993.
• Crabtree Judgment '97 - Regina vs Helen John and Anne Lee, 1997.
• Balcombe-Collins Judgment - Lindis Percy vs The Director of Public Prosecutions, 1994.
• Carnworth Judgment - Secretary of State for Defence and Ministry of Defence vs Lindis Percy, 1998.
• BT condemned for listing cables to US sigint station - Some of Duncan Campbell's evidence to the Helen John and Anne Lee Bye Laws Case.

• Fylingdales Action Network
• Free Fylingdales Network

• About the base
  Yorkshire CND Fylingdales site
  Protestors' view of the base - items on police, cameras, fences and views of the track
  Research Study Group Fylingdales entry
  Logica evaluates system for UK Government - 4 February 1992. Logica was awarded a contract for the security evaluation of the UK BMEWS.
  The US Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project - list of US bases (inc. Fylingdales).
  Latest news on Missile Defence issues and the UK

   

• ABM Treaty
  The ABM Treaty .
  The ABM Treaty from the Federation of American Scientists
  Arms Control Discourse by Jerry Everard, Chapter 4 Discusses Fylingdales and Krasnoyarsk radar interms of the ABM.
  ABM Treaty "Talking Points" on NMD and the ABM Treaty fom the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists.
  ABM Treaty Chronology .

   

• Operation
  Federation of American Scientists - Space Policy Project.
  Space & Information Operations Directorate - How space surveillance provides information on what is orbiting Earth, sends messages to tactical commanders to warn them when they can be observed.
  Space Surveillance Network - USSPACECOM is primarily interested in the active satellites, but also tracks space debris. The SSN tracks space objects which are 10 centimeters in diameter (baseball size) or larger.
  Space Surveillance Network User Support Data - Identifies the Space Surveillance Network (SSN) resources, organizational responsibilities, and SSN data products. Tells how to request SSN data and establishes a method of data distribution.
  United States Strategic Command Home Page.
  Peterson Air Force Base Home Page.
  The US 21st Space Wing Home Page.
  The US 12th Space Warning System Fact sheet
  The US 13th Space Warning System Fact sheet
  NORAD Home Page.
  Cheyenne Mountain underground combat operations center.
  Strategic Air Command Home Page.

   

• Early Warning
  BMEWS - National Security Space Road Map - from the Federation of American Scientists.
  The Early Warning Connection - Early Warning and the Cold War.

   

• "Incidents"
  BMEWS at Thule detected rising moon as incoming missiles - 5 Oct 1960, from Risks Digest.
  U.S. Fears Satellites Damaged - from Risks Digest.
  Early Warning Vulnerability (Was Re: US Fears Satellites Damaged) - 7 Feb 1988, from Risks Digest.
  Risks Digest - "... The motivation behind a big military electronic system such as SAGE or BMEWS is not to have it work. It is just to create the illusion that the sponsor is doing his job ..."
  Twenty mishaps that might have started Accidental Nuclear War - by Dr. Alan Phillips FRCPC. 24 Nov.61: BMEWS communication failure. On the night of 24 November, 1961, all communication links went dead between SAC HQ and NORAD, and so cut SAC HQ off from the three BMEWS sites.

   

• Other BMEWS and associated systems
  510 full days at Thule BMEWS.
  Statement of Objectives for the Clear Radar Upgrade - 28 March 1997.
  US Air Force Space Command - its heritage.
  The North Atlantic Radio System (NARS) - 1961-1992.
  The DEWLine Chronicles - A History by Lynden T. (Bucky) Harris.

   

• Other Articles Related to Fylingdales
  Space Surveillance
  Space Surveillance - by Dr. T.S. Kelso
  Space Policy e-Prints - Archive of materials from the Federation of American Scientists.
  History of the Missile Defense Organization - Fact Sheet.
  Menwith Hill Spy Base - all about another major US base used for military and commercial intelligence gathering.
  CAAB - the Campaign for Accountability of American Bases.

Other Pages on Militarisation of Space

• Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space

• Federation of American Scientists - Space Policy Project.
• NOWIS - No Weapons in Space - Canadian campaign against space weapons
• The US Strategic Command (Space Command) Home Page.
• The Long Range Plan of the US Space Command (html version).
• Vision 2020 of the US Space Command (pdf version).
• Vision 2025 of the US Space Command.
• Peterson Air Force Base Home Page.
• National Reconnaissance Office Home Page. The NRO designs, builds and operates the nation's reconnaissance satellites. NRO products, provided to an expanding list of customers like the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Department of Defense (DoD), can warn of potential trouble spots around the world, help plan military operations, and monitor the environment.
• The NRO report on space control and domination .
• NSA - the National Security Agency Web site.
• ESA - the European Space Agency home page.
• NASA Home Page.
• Outer Space Treaty - The Treaty and Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies.
• Space Policy Project of the Federation of American Scientists.
• CAAB - the Campaign for Accountability of American Bases.
• Menwith Hill Spy Base - about the US base in Yorkshire used for military and commercial intelligence gathering.
• Fylingdales BMEWS - about the US ballistic missile early warning system in Yorkshire
• Links to world-wide space resources - over 200 URLs, from UKSEDS (the UK Students for the Exploration and Development of Space).

Star Wars, NMD, BMD, TMD etc.

• CND Briefing on NMD
• Countermeasures - a report on NMD from The Union of Concerned Scientists at MIT - in pdf format (4.98 Mb)
• Defending America - a report on Homeland Defense and NMD produced by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington (680 Kb, pdf) - it runs to around 200 pages,
• Taking National Missile Defense to Sea: A Critique of Sea-Based and Boost-Phase Proposals A report released on the 11 October 2000 by the Council for a Liveable World Education Fund. A 48 page report argues that Sea-based and boost-phase alternatives to national missile defense (NMD) would be expensive and could not be deployed until 2014.
• National Missile Defense: What Does It All Mean? Brief released in September 2000 by the Center for Defense Information, covers all major aspects of the missile defense debate.
• Theater Missile Defenses in the Asia-Pacific Region June 29 2000 report from the Henry L. Stimson Center argues that a simplistic, "one-size-fits-all" policy for TMD would worsen regional security and harm US national security interests.
• The Missile Defense Agency
• BMD Budget 2002 Fact Sheet from MDA
• Boost Phase Missile Defense Fact Sheet from MDA
• Other Fact Sheets from MDA
• Defense Support Program fact sheet
• Federation of American Scientists - Space Policy Project
• Ballistic Missile Defense Program Status Update by John Pike, July 1998. A version of an article that appeared in "Arms Control Today".
• Top 200 Contractors 1997 - Ballistic Missile Defense Program. Total Purchases: $1,394,606,000
• Antimissile Front In The Northern Norway by Theodore Postol and Anatoli Diakov
• Missile Defense and Related Programs from the Federation of American Scientists.
• Missile Defense Research Resources - The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace's Non-Proliferation Project's excellent page of resources.
• Physicians for Social Responsibility Fact Sheet .
• The Coalition to Reduce Nuclear Dangers Ballistic Missile Defense home page.
• Federation of American Scientists pages on SBIRS
• ABM Treaty "Talking Points" - details of the U.S. proposal on modifications to the ABM Treaty from the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists - April 2000.
• Vargo Exposed by Inge Sellevag - article in NMD associated radar installation in Norway from The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists - March/April 2000.
• Antimissile Front in he Northern Norway by Theodore Postol and Anatoli Diakov - February 2000.
• Vancouver Island Public Interest and Research Group campaign against Canada's participation in the US missile defense program. The link takes you to their 'Students Against Missile Defence' site

The Nuclearisation of Space including the Cassini Mission

• Cassini and the Outer Space Treaty - a look at the recent past by Russell D. Hoffman.
• Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources In Outer Space .
• Cassini Campaign website - the science and philosphy behind why Cassini should have been stopped, and suggestions about how the dangerous Cassini 1999 Earth flyby can still be stopped...
• Stop the Cassini Fly-by - the Cassini space probe is due to flyby the Earth on August 18, 1999 carrying 72.3 lbs (32,8 kg) of deadly plutonium on board and is expected to approach Earth at record speeds in excess of 42,000 mph (64,000 km). According to the NASA Environmental Impact Statement, in the event of a collision with our atmosphere this mission has the potential to expose five billion people to 99% or more of the radiation from the plutonium.
• A Scientific Critique of the Accident Risks from the Cassini Space Mission by Michio Kaku.
• NASA's page on the Cassini Space Probe.
• Russian Mars Probe Failure 17/11/96 by Russell D. Hoffman. On Sunday, November 17th, 1996 a Russian space probe headed for Mars instead fell back to Earth after its fourth-stage booster rocket failed on takoff a few days earlier. It contained about 7 ounces (200 grams) of Plutonium (or perhaps 9 ounces and 270 grams, depending on the report) and apparently 'landed' in an unknown place somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean. (Or on land.)
• On the Failure of Cosmos 954 - Star Wars & Reactors in Space: A Canadian View by Michael Bein, 1986.
• Risking the World, Nuclear Proliferation in Space by Karl Grossman, Cassini article in Covert Action Quarterly, issue no. 57, Summer 1996.
• Space Probe Explodes, Plutonium Missing more on the crash of Mars '96, by Karl Grossman in Covert Action Qurterly, issue no. 60, Spring 1997.